![]() Flowchart of a Basic LFG Collection and Processing System Waste/tail gas is sent to a flare or thermal oxidizer. Advanced Treatment removes additional impurities (CO2, N2, O2, and VOCs) and compresses the LFG into a high-Btu gas that can be used for vehicle fuel or injected into a gas pipeline. After the impurities are removed in the Secondary Treatment stage, the LFG can be used to generate electricity or as a medium-Btu fuel for arts and crafts or boilers. Secondary Treatment involves the use of an after cooler or other additional moisture removal (as necessary), followed by siloxane/sulfur removal and compression (as needed). Primary Treatment removes moisture as the gas passes through a knockout pot, filter, and blower. This graphic shows three stages of LFG treatment. Learn more about the benefits of using LFG. In addition, LFG energy projects generate revenue and create jobs in the community and beyond. Using LFG helps to reduce odors and other hazards associated with LFG emissions, and prevents methane from migrating into the atmosphere and contributing to local smog and global climate change. Instead of escaping into the air, LFG can be captured, converted, and used as a renewable energy resource. Emissions from the waste sector as well as other sectors are presented in this inventory. human-related GHG emissions and sinks for each year since 1990. Learn more about GHG emissions from the waste sectorĪnnually, EPA issues an inventory report to present the U.S.Learn more about EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program.In October 2009, EPA issued a rule (40 CFR Part 98) that requires the reporting of (GHG) emissions from large sources and suppliers in the United States, and is intended to collect accurate and timely emissions data to inform future policy decisions. Landfill Gas Energy Basics of LMOP's LFG Energy Project Development Handbook. In Landfill Gas Primer - An Overview for Environmental Health Professionals. The time after placement scale (total time and phase duration) varies with landfill conditions.įigure adapted from ATSDR 2008. ![]() ![]() Gas composition changes with each phase and waste in a landfill may be undergoing several phases of decomposition at once. Bacteria decompose landfill waste in four phases. The following diagram illustrates the changes in typical LFG composition after waste placement. Learn about alternative options for managing organic waste. Then, typically within less than 1 year, anaerobic conditions are established and methane-producing bacteria begin to decompose the waste and generate methane. When MSW is first deposited in a landfill, it undergoes an aerobic (with oxygen) decomposition stage when little methane is generated. At the same time, methane emissions from MSW landfills represent a lost opportunity to capture and use a significant energy resource. The methane emissions from MSW landfills in 2021 were approximately equivalent to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from nearly 23.1 million gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven for one year or the CO 2 emissions from nearly 13.1 million homes’ energy use for one year. Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are the third-largest source of human-related methane emissions in the United States, accounting for approximately 14.3 percent of these emissions in 2021. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2021. Note: All emission estimates from the Inventory of U.S. Learn more about methane emissions in the United States. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas at least 28 times more effective than CO 2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere over a 100-year period, per the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report (AR5). LFG is composed of roughly 50 percent methane (the primary component of natural gas), 50 percent carbon dioxide (CO 2) and a small amount of non-methane organic compounds. Landfill gas (LFG) is a natural byproduct of the decomposition of organic material in landfills. View answers to frequent questions about landfills and LFG energy projects.Learn more about current and potential projects.As of July 2023, there are 532 operational LFG energy projects in the United States and 463 landfills that are good candidates for projects.
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